The hottest pulse is the revitalization of northea

Feel the pulse of the revitalization of the printing industry in Northeast China (Part 1)

since the CPC Central Committee proposed to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China, the topic of revitalizing the printing industry in Northeast China has attracted the attention of many people. There are personnel in the northeast industry, as well as internal knowledge of the industry. But perhaps it is because "the parties are confused, and the onlookers are clear". When discussing how to overcome difficulties and rebuild the printing industry in the new northeast, peers outside the northeast region pay more attention to this

in the first year of the strategy of comprehensively revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, the revitalization of the printing industry in Northeast China is an unavoidable problem, and there are thousands of reasons; The printing industry of developed countries in the world has generally become the pillar industry of their own economy, while China's printing industry is almost still on the edge of the whole national economic development; In the northeast, there is a greater gap in the development of the printing industry compared with the advanced regions, so that the relevant person in charge of the printing industry in Guangdong still has more meaning after talking about the printing industry in the province, while the relevant person in charge of the printing industry in the Northeast has only a few words when talking about the development of printing in this region

obviously, there is a phenomenon of "internal cooling and external heating" when paying attention to the problem of "Northeast revitalization, what about printing". We hope to solve this mystery through calm observation and rational reflection: what's the matter with the northeast big brother

what is there in Northeast China

Northeast China is rich in natural resources. Between Baishan and Heishui, there is fertile black land, beidachang, and a vast green base for agriculture and animal husbandry; There are still relatively abundant forest industry, water conservancy and power, and various mineral resources. No wonder when you get on the train from Shanhaiguan and go all the way north, you can often see oncoming trains loaded with logs, grain, crude oil, coal, etc., from outside the pass to inside the pass. The supply of crude oil and timber in Northeast China accounts for nearly half of the country, and commodity grain accounts for 1/3

Northeast China has a large accumulation of state-owned assets and an excellent industrial foundation. As early as the 1950s and 1960s, the state invested a lot in the northeast old industrial base, forming a dense industrial city. Its automobile output accounts for 1/4 of the country, heavy truck output accounts for 1/2 of the country, shipbuilding output accounts for 1/3 of the country, and steel output accounts for 1/8 of the country. Among them, the shipbuilding industry in Liaoning Province ranks second in the country, and the output of diesel locomotives, transformers and industrial boilers ranks third in the country. In addition, there are a number of national backbone enterprises such as Daqing, Shenyang aircraft, Anshan Iron and steel, Dalian shipbuilding, Harbin electric manufacturing, etc. The state has also invested a lot in the printing industry. In the 1980s, Northeast China was one of the four major printing bases under national key construction. The printing machine manufacturing countries in Northeast China have also given important support. Changchun printing machine and Guanhua printing machine are key printing machine manufacturing enterprises in China. Northeast China is also one of the paper production bases in China

Northeast China has talent resources and abundant intellectual capital. The northeast old industrial base has trained a large number of well-trained technical personnel and industrial workers, and accumulated rich experience in large-scale industrial production; Northeast China has obvious advantages in science and education. It has gathered a number of national first-class scientific research institutions, forming an education system with appropriate scale, reasonable structure and complete categories. The scale and quality of basic education and higher education have reached the national advanced level. Liaoning Province, which is more prominent, has scientists and engineers per 10000 people, ranking fourth in the country, the total number of ordinary colleges and universities ranking third in the country, and the popularization rate of primary education is second only to Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. Although the development of talents in Northeast China has been restricted for various reasons, since the reform and opening up, Northeast China has provided a large number of talents for all parts of the motherland, which is really a great contribution

there are a large number of preferential policies and projects in Northeast China. In order to support the revitalization of Northeast China, some experts predict that the value-added tax reform launched by the state in Northeast China, from production-oriented to consumption-oriented, can reduce the burden of enterprises by 10billion yuan per year. Other experts predict that governments at all levels will pay reform costs for the northeast region. Only for Liaoning Province, it will cost about 1.5 billion yuan to compensate employees for changing from "enterprise people" to "social people" (about 150000 people), of which the central government will pay at least 500million yuan; The funding gap of pension, unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances is 3.3 billion yuan, of which 1.5 billion yuan will be paid by the central government; The capital (five-year cost) needed to support enterprises to separate the burden of "running society" should be more than 8billion yuan, and the central government should pay 1.5 billion yuan every year (1billion yuan for central enterprises and 500million yuan for local enterprises); In order to solve the problem of counting the cycle times of alternating load by the cycle counter of large collective enterprises run by factories, the central government will pay 3.6 billion yuan in one-time for the resettlement of industrial workers, and 2.6-3.1 billion yuan a year in the next four years. Last year, the national policy of supporting the old industrial base in Northeast China was launched. The first batch of treasury bond projects has 100, with a total investment of 61billion yuan. It is expected that the second batch will be larger

Northeast China has the largest number of poor people in the country. At present, the number of poor people in China is about 29million, of which about 20% are in the three northeast provinces. The poverty rate in Northeast China is roughly 2.24 times the national average. The three northeastern provinces have always been the major recipients of national subsistence allowances. In 2003, the central government subsidized Liaoning and Heilongjiang with a total of 300million yuan and Jilin with 250million yuan

what is lacking in Northeast China

relatively speaking, Northeast China is not lack of resources, a large number of investment in state-owned assets and a good industrial foundation, and three is not lack of policy support. Then why has Northeast China become a relatively poor and backward region after 20 years of reform and opening up? Here is a simple estimation formula

first, the old industrial base in Northeast China is really "old" and lacks power. The outstanding performance is that the state-owned enterprises are facing the development of market economy, lack of adaptability, lack of "golden monkey" 72 change ability, and are marginalized by the market. First, the state-owned enterprises in Northeast China, including the vast majority of state-owned printing enterprises, are in poor operating conditions and have low economic benefits. As far as the state-owned printing enterprises that were originally designated by the state and the provincial government are concerned, most of them have a single business so far. They mainly rely on undertaking all kinds of teaching materials and teaching aids that are still under protection to survive. This part of business still accounts for about 70% of the total business of the enterprise (this is the main reason why the "teaching materials and teaching aids bidding and printing method" that has been brewing for many years has been difficult to be introduced so far). However, enterprises can only eat half their fill by relying on such businesses alone, and the advanced equipment of many enterprises can not give full play to their benefits. Second, enterprises are in debt. The state-owned enterprises that lack viability can only borrow money from the state and banks to make a living, resulting in an excessive debt burden. The non-performing debt of state-owned enterprises in Liaoning Province alone is 292.1 billion yuan. Third, there are many redundant enterprises and the burden of "running the society" is heavy, and the cost of enterprise reform is high. However, in the grand strategy of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, governments at all levels have issued many preferential policies. As long as we seize the opportunity, the future of the reform of state-owned enterprises is bright

second, the old industrial base in Northeast China, including the mixed economy of printing industry, is not fully developed and lacks vitality. The ratio of state-owned assets is still too large, generally speaking, it is still more than 70% in the three northeastern provinces. According to senior leaders in Harbin, Harbin's state-owned assets are not the highest, but they are also more than 60%. As far as the printing industry is concerned, it also shows a situation that "the leg of state-owned assets is thick, and the leg of private economy (in a broad sense, it also includes foreign-funded economy) is thin". Only when you walk on two legs can you walk steadily and quickly

what the Northeast needs most

knowing what the Northeast has and what it lacks, we will know what the Northeast needs most. The fundamental problem of the low efficiency of state-owned enterprises is not simply the problem of debt repayment and burden reduction, but the problem of system and mechanism: the private economy, including the foreign economy, has played a great role in building a market economy with Chinese characteristics, and the development of mixed economy is in line with China's national conditions and the direction of reform. The truth of these two aspects is probably well known for a long time. So why did the reform of state-owned economy and the development of private economy lag behind in Northeast China, a region with relatively good resources and industrial foundation? In the final analysis, it is the restriction of the concept of planned economy on people's minds. This restricts the creativity of business operators, the transformation of the role of the government, and the timely formation of soft environments such as market mechanisms

what does northeast need most? What does northeast folks need most to move the beam up and down through piston movement? What does northeast printing colleagues need most? The affirmative answer is: jump out of the old concept of planned economy at the fastest speed, establish a new concept of market economy, and cultivate the business spirit of the changing era. Only in this way can we embark on a new road of revitalizing the northeast

one of the Monographs on revitalizing the printing industry in Northeast China, the slow release of production capacity supply:

the "debate" and deliberation about northeast people

when the flag of rejuvenation and revitalization is held high, Northeast China stands at the turning point of drastic changes in transportation. At this time, the Northeast People's hand eye body method step naturally attracted countless eyeballs. Various topics about people in Northeast China have also been launched in the Internet and in the media. People pay more attention to reflection: as a regional concept, the advantages and disadvantages of the concept and spirit of northeast people, and explore why there is a huge contrast between history and reality in Northeast China

among many views and opinions, several views are quite representative:

view 1. It is difficult for the northeast people to lose their "state-owned enterprise" complex. "The only way for the country to be strong and prosperous is by state-owned enterprises. We have been looking forward to the above policies for many years. This time the central government is serious, and our day should be better.". Similar words represent the mentality of many Northeast people. In the view of some people, since the central government has decided to revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China, it will certainly give money, projects and policies. State owned enterprises belong to the state, and the state will certainly keep good things for state-owned enterprises, so staying in state-owned enterprises can always get a share. Waiting, relying, wanting, laziness and the "state-owned enterprise" complex are also deep-rooted. This is evidenced by the layoffs of nearly 5million state-owned enterprise workers in the three northeastern provinces

viewpoint 2. Northeast people are good at face, light market and heavy officialdom. "They can take a long time to bear a disappointment, a grievance, and suffer many crimes to seek a little bit of fairness, but they can't and dare not put down their self-esteem and go to other places to search for gold to create a destiny for themselves." some people think so of northeast people. They even cited an example: "many entrepreneurs in the East got their first pot of gold by repairing shoes and taking a bath in the northeast, and the northeast people disdained it. As a result, the shoe repairer and the son of the shoe repairer became the boss, while the person enjoying the repair of shoes and their son became other people's wage earners". Many people in Northeast China pay special attention to interpersonal relations. It is obviously a normal way to deal with affairs. We should also find ways to solve them. This "led to the worship of power". Someone sighed: "in Northeast China, it is too difficult for individuals to start a business and the transaction cost is too high!" Some private enterprises can enter the market by establishing a "solid" relationship with government departments or officials: "because official career is recognized as the right path in the world, almost excellent talents are concentrated in party and government organs, and thousands of troops cross the single wooden bridge"

point 3. Northeast people emphasize loyalty, human relations and rules. This phenomenon can be regarded as a culture. The enthusiasm of people in Northeast China often makes outsiders feel at home, but sometimes ignores the principle of "distance" in interpersonal communication, giving people a big impression. I don't know the role of human feelings